Low Temperature Gaskets for Cryogenic Applications

June 6, 2019

Modern industries often require ultra-pure or rare materials that can only be handled in extreme environmental conditions. Managing these materials, such as liquid oxygen, nitrogen, or argon—classified as industrial gases—presents significant challenges, especially at temperatures as low as -195.8°C (-320.4°F).

For example, argon, a gas widely used in welding, neon lighting, 3D printing, and metal production, is typically stored and transported in its liquid state for efficiency. Liquid argon must be maintained at -185.9°C, which creates unique difficulties when sealing cryogenic piping systems. Argon gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, and while contact with the gas form may cause irritation, its liquid form can cause severe frostbite.

 

Gasket Installation in Low-Temperature Environments

Extreme cold poses several challenges for gasket materials. Many materials become brittle, crack, or shrink when exposed to cryogenic temperatures, increasing the risk of gasket blowouts. This is especially dangerous when working with substances like liquid argon. For effective sealing, proper installation is crucial. All components must be dry, the installation should be performed at ambient temperature, and the gasket should be readjusted as the system temperature fluctuates.

Understanding Cryogenics

Any sealing system used in applications below 0°C is categorized as “cryogenic.” Liquefied gases, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid helium, and other low-freezing-point hydrocarbons, are common in cryogenic systems. These are found in industries like refrigeration, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and even automotive manufacturing. Gaskets used in these systems must be able to withstand extreme low temperatures without losing their sealing properties.

Choosing the Right Gasket Material

When selecting a gasket for cryogenic applications, it’s critical to ensure that the material can endure these extreme conditions. One of the most reliable materials for this is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Durlon® 9000, a glass-filled PTFE gasket material, is specifically engineered to withstand temperatures as low as -212°C. Its ability to resist thermal contraction makes it ideal for sealing in ultra-low temperatures, maintaining gasket integrity and ensuring the safety of the system.

 

Industries Using Low-Temperature Gaskets

Low-temperature gaskets are used in a wide range of industries, including:

Conclusion

Selecting the right gasket material and following proper installation procedures are critical when dealing with cryogenic applications. Durlon® PTFE gasket materials offer a reliable solution for ultra-low temperature environments, ensuring effective sealing and system integrity. Always consider both environmental conditions and the specific functional requirements of the application when choosing a gasket.

Learn more about our full range of Durlon® PTFE products and how they can meet your cryogenic needs.